电视台STS多路电源静态转换设计
Static Conversion Design of STS Multi channel Power Supply for Television Station
广播电视中心传输机房的编辑、制作、播出，传输设备的电源供配电系统是否能稳定、可靠、安全地运行是确保广播电视设备“不间断、高质量、既经济又安全”的技维护总方针的首要条件。供配电系统改造投入资金大，工程设计复杂，供配电系统改造设计既要考虑到广播电视台机房的设备供电不间断，又要考虑到所设计的系统是否安全、稳定、可靠，还要结合各级广播电视台自身的 经济条件进行供电系统设计改造。要因地制宜，县级台与省市级相比经济条件比较簿弱，无法一次性投入大量的资金全面进行供配电系统改造，应采用分步实施、逐步完善的设计原则，有规划地进行设计改造。The editing, production, and broadcasting of the transmission room in the broadcasting and television center, as well as the stable, reliable, and safe operation of the power supply and distribution system of the transmission equipment, are the primary conditions for ensuring the technical maintenance of broadcasting and television equipment that is “uninterrupted, high-quality, economical, and safe”. The renovation of the power supply and distribution system requires a large investment and complex engineering design. The renovation design of the power supply and distribution system should not only consider the uninterrupted power supply of the equipment in the broadcasting and television station room, but also consider whether the designed system is safe, stable, and reliable. It should also be combined with the own needs of each level of broadcasting and television station
Design and renovate the power supply system based on economic conditions. To adapt to local conditions, the economic conditions of county-level stations are relatively weak compared to provincial and municipal levels, and it is not possible to invest a large amount of funds in a comprehensive renovation of the power supply and distribution system at once. The design principle of step-by-step implementation and gradual improvement should be adopted, and the design and renovation should be carried out in a planned manner.
- 供配电设施改造设计思路Design ideas for the renovation of power supply and distribution facilities.
供配电系统改造设计既要考虑到广播电视各个机房的设备供电不间断，又要考虑到所设计的系统是否安全、稳定、可靠，还要结合自身的经济条件进行供电系统设计改造。泾县电视台（简称“泾县台”）是县级台，与其他县级台一样经济条件比较薄弱，无法一次性投入大量资金。因此所有供配电系统将采用两路不同变电所的高压线路进入高压配电输入柜，再经高压配电自动切换柜选择一路输出给出线柜，然后经箱式变压器输出低压，再经低压配电柜供给每个机房。这样的设计方案，高压线路改造需要一次性投入的改造资金较大。因此采取分步实施的办法，高压供电线路双路供电系统改造方案在以后经济条件允许时再分步实施，设计供配电系统改造工程方案中考虑到双市电输入，并在基础设施建设中留有一定的空间，以便于以后的设施改造。首先改造供电线路老化、变压器容量不足、备份电源设备不全等相关设施将电源供配电系统改造的重点放在播出机房，采取多路备份电源的方式。The design of power supply and distribution system renovation should not only consider the uninterrupted power supply of equipment in various broadcasting and television rooms, but also consider whether the designed system is safe, stable, and reliable, and combine its own economic conditions for power supply system design and renovation. Jingxian Television Station (referred to as “Jingxian Station”) is a county-level station, and like other county-level stations, its economic conditions are relatively weak, making it difficult to invest a large amount of funds at once. Therefore, all power supply and distribution systems will use two high-voltage lines from different substations to enter the high-voltage distribution input cabinet, and then select one output to the outgoing cabinet through the high-voltage distribution automatic switching cabinet. Then, the low-voltage will be output through the box type transformer and supplied to each machine room through the low-voltage distribution cabinet. This design scheme requires a significant one-time investment in the renovation of high-voltage power lines. Therefore, a step-by-step implementation approach is adopted, and the renovation plan for the dual power supply system of the high-voltage power supply line will be implemented in stages when economic conditions permit in the future. The design of the power supply and distribution system renovation project plan takes into account the input of dual mains electricity and leaves some space in infrastructure construction for future facility renovation. Firstly, the renovation of related facilities such as aging power supply lines, insufficient transformer capacity, and incomplete backup power equipment will focus on the broadcast room for the power supply and distribution system renovation, adopting a multi-channel backup power supply approach.
- 用户变电所系统改造与设计Transformation and Design of User Substation System。
广播电视供电系统的可靠性是依据各个机房的设备用电负荷计算变压器的容量，下属3个机房的变压器（用户变电所）从供电部门提供的市电网上接收电能、变换所需的电压和分配电能。泾县台的供配电系统结构是由发电厂发电经过升压变电所把电压升为220~500 kV，经高压输电线路送到地市区域变电所进行降压，将高压电降为 35~110 kV，常称为供电电源。再把供电电源输送到县域供电变电所（用户电能供应枢纽），将35~110 kV的高压电 降为3~10 kV，然后根据不同的用电等级，分配给高压变电所、高压用电设备和用户变电所（广播电视中心）。经过用户变电所的变压器，将县供电变电所3 kV~10 kV的配电电压降为380 V 的低压电，再经过低压配电线路和低压配电柜相继分配为所需的220 V或380 V低电压（根据机房、设备所需的电压）配送到广播电视中心大楼机房和设备上（如图1所示）。The reliability of the broadcasting and television power supply system is based on calculating the capacity of transformers according to the electrical load of equipment in each computer room. The transformers (user substations) in the three subordinate computer rooms receive electrical energy from the municipal power grid provided by the power supply department, convert the required voltage, and distribute electrical energy. The power supply and distribution system structure of Jingxian Station is generated by a power plant, which boosts the voltage to 220-500 kV through a step-up substation, and then sends it to the local substation through a high-voltage transmission line for voltage reduction, reducing the high-voltage electricity to 35-110 kV, commonly known as the power supply. Then deliver the power supply to the county-level power supply substation (user energy supply hub), and transfer the high voltage electricity of 35-110 kV，Reduced to 3-10 kV, and then allocated to high-voltage substations, high-voltage electrical equipment, and user substations (broadcasting and television centers) according to different power consumption levels. After passing through the transformer of the user’s substation, the distribution voltage of 3 kV~10 kV in the county power supply substation is reduced to 380 V low voltage, and then distributed to the required 220 V or 380 V low voltage (according to the voltage required by the computer room and equipment) through the low voltage distribution line and low voltage distribution cabinet, and distributed to the computer room and equipment of the broadcasting and television center building (as shown in Figure 1).
通过参照相关技术资料及机房的设备负载估算变压器的容量，并考虑到泾县台今后设备添置的所需负荷，将测算出来变压器容量的数据提供给供电部门进行核算和设计，在低压开关柜内配置了低压刀开关、负荷开关、熔断丝、断路器、配电屏以及相关辅助设备。分配设备时反复测量电压、频率、可靠性数据。对供电线路线间相位电压进行合理的分配，防止负荷不平衡造成停电和供电电压质量下降，影响用电设备的正常工作。在每台变压器基础上铺设防雷地线设施。By referring to relevant technical data and the equipment load in the computer room, the capacity of the transformer is estimated, and considering the required load for future equipment purchases at Jingxian Station, the calculated transformer capacity data is provided to the power supply department for accounting and design. Low voltage knife switches, load switches, fuses, circuit breakers, distribution panels, and related auxiliary equipment are installed in the low-voltage switchgear. Repeatedly measure voltage, frequency, and reliability data when allocating equipment. Reasonably allocate the phase voltage between power supply lines to prevent power outages and voltage quality degradation caused by load imbalance, which may affect the normal operation of electrical equipment. Install lightning protection grounding facilities on the foundation of each transformer.
- 低压配电系统改造与设计Transformation and Design of Low Voltage Distribution System.
广播电视配电系统应考虑供电的可靠性，还应要求设计的低压配电线路任何一段供电线路发生故障或者线路需要维修时，供电线路不停电或者短时间停电，只需转换操作就可很快恢复供电。在几种低压配电线路接线方式中采用环型接线方式。根据每个机房设备所需的分配电压不同，配置相应的低压配电柜设施，并安装低压开关柜、绝缘子、隔离开关、避雷浪涌装置、电压表、电流表、频率表、熔断丝、母线、互感器等辅助设施。依据各个机房的负荷大小配置留有一定余量的断路器。同时针对3个机房所需的电量大小，分别给每个配电机房安装了功率因数补偿器，以进一步提高功率因数。在设计低压线路时将照明、空调和动力负载的供配电进行科学的电力分配，并分别安装在母线端子上，为保障主要设备的正常运行，防止照明、空调以及电源插座相关负载发生故障时引起主要设备用电不正常，将三相电源进行合理的分配，以确保三相电源配电达到平衡，减少中线回流。The radio and television distribution system should consider the reliability of power supply, and also require that when any section of the low-voltage distribution line in the design fails or needs maintenance, the power supply line should not be cut off or cut off for a short period of time, and power can be quickly restored by switching operations. Ring type wiring is used in several low-voltage distribution line wiring methods. According to the different distribution voltages required for each equipment in the computer room, corresponding low-voltage distribution cabinet facilities are configured, and auxiliary facilities such as low-voltage switchgear, insulators, isolation switches, lightning surge devices, voltmeters, ammeters, frequency meters, fuses, busbars, transformers, etc. are installed. Configure circuit breakers with a certain margin based on the load size of each computer room. At the same time, power factor compensators were installed in each distribution room to further improve the power factor, based on the required electricity levels for the three computer rooms. When designing low-voltage circuits, scientifically distribute the power supply and distribution of lighting, air conditioning, and power loads, and install them separately on the bus terminals. In order to ensure the normal operation of the main equipment and prevent abnormal backup power caused by the failure of lighting, air conditioning, and power socket related loads, the three-phase power supply is reasonably distributed to ensure balanced distribution of three-phase power supply and reduce neutral line backflow.
确保人身安全和广播电视设备运行正常的重要部分，根据其作用分为防雷地线、工作地线和保护地线 3种。工作接地是为了确保供配电系统的正常运行，提高供电系统的可靠性，保障广播电视设备与负载的安全工作，常将三相四线中的N中性线称为工作接地线。保护地线将设备外壳用导线连在接地母线端子上，配电系统，保护地线一般分为TN系统、TT系统和IT系统3种形式。保护地线的作用主要是防止广播电视设备某处与外壳相连产生漏电故障，可通过电流保护装置在很短的时间内切断故障电源，从而保护人身安全。防雷接地主要是防止从供电系统的电网中窜入的雷电袭击，通过防雷装置瞬间对地放电，从而起到保护设备和人员不受伤害。供配电系统防雷地线与保护地线和工作地线分开铺设，防止工作地线和保护地线与防雷地线相连，以免雷电通过地线引入造成其他设备损坏。The important part of ensuring personal safety and the normal operation of broadcasting and television equipment is divided into three types based on their functions: lightning protection grounding wire, working grounding wire, and protective grounding wire. Working grounding is to ensure the normal operation of the power supply and distribution system, improve the reliability of the power supply system, and ensure the safe operation of broadcasting and television equipment and loads. The neutral wire in the three-phase four wire system is often referred to as the working grounding wire. The protective grounding wire connects the equipment casing to the grounding bus terminal with a wire. In the distribution system, the protective grounding wire is generally divided into three forms: TN system, TT system, and IT system. The main function of protecting the ground wire is to prevent leakage faults from occurring when a certain part of the broadcasting and television equipment is connected to the casing. The fault power can be cut off in a short time through the current protection device, thereby protecting personal safety. Lightning protection grounding is mainly used to prevent lightning strikes from entering the power grid of the power supply system. Through lightning protection devices, it discharges to the ground instantly, thereby protecting equipment and personnel from harm. The lightning protection grounding wire, protective grounding wire, and working grounding wire of the power supply and distribution system are laid separately to prevent the working grounding wire and protective grounding wire from being connected to the lightning protection grounding wire, and to prevent lightning from entering through the grounding wire and causing damage to other equipment.
- 备份电源系统改造与设计Transformation and Design of Backup Power System
要确保广播电视台机器设备的正常工作，就必须对供电备份电源设施进行完善和维护。持久和不间断的供电是保障广播电视系统设备正常工作的基础，在整个广播电视台供配电系统建设中对电源部分采用多级备份，充分利用电力资源，根据各个机房的负荷和工作情况不同，利用计算机设备一般允许在 20 ms 以内瞬间中断供电能确保数据不丢失的特性，对每个机房采用配置 STS多路电源静态转换开关设备，同时将每个机房配置自动稳压电源设备。将市电通过分路自动稳压电源作为静态转换开关的主路电源分别配送到机房，备份电源采用UPS不间断电源和汽油发动机2级备份方式，将备份电源分别输入到静态转换开关设备上，一旦主电源出现故障由备份电源通过静态转换开关瞬间配送到各个机房。To ensure the normal operation of broadcasting and television equipment, it is necessary to improve and maintain the backup power supply facilities. Persistent and uninterrupted power supply is the foundation for ensuring the normal operation of broadcasting and television system equipment. In the construction of the entire broadcasting and television power distribution system, multi-level backup is adopted for the power supply part, making full use of power resources. According to the different loads and working conditions of each computer room, the computer equipment generally allows for instantaneous power interruption within 20 ms to ensure that data is not lost. STS multi-channel power static conversion switch equipment is configured for each computer room, and automatic voltage stabilization power supply equipment is also configured for each computer room. The main power supply of the static transfer switch is distributed to the machine room through the automatic voltage regulation power supply of the branch line. The backup power supply adopts UPS uninterruptible power supply and gasoline engine level 2 backup method. The backup power supply is input to the static transfer switch equipment separately. Once the main power supply fails, the backup power supply is instantly distributed to each machine room through the static transfer switch.
STS 多路电源静态转换开关工作特点：电源二路以上选一路自动切换系统，正常工作状态下，在主电源处于正常的电压范围内，负载一直连接于主电源。当在主电源出现故障时，负载自动切换到第1路备份电源，一旦主电源和第1路备份电源同时出现故障时，负载又自动切换到第2路备份电源，主电源恢复正常后，负载自动切回到主电源。STS 静态转换开关采用先断后通的切换方式，可以实现不同输入电源之间的不间断切换，为单电源负载提供双母线供电，该设备断电切换时间≤8 ms，能满足新闻网站所有设备的正常工作。STS双电源静态转换开关原理如图2所示。The working characteristics of STS multi-channel power static conversion switch: the automatic switching system selects one of the two or more power sources. Under normal working conditions, the load is always connected to the main power source when it is within the normal voltage range. When the main power supply fails, the load automatically switches to the first backup power supply. Once both the main power supply and the first backup power supply fail, the load automatically switches to the second backup power supply. After the main power supply returns to normal, the load automatically switches back to the main power supply. The STS static transfer switch adopts a switching method of first turning off and then turning on, which can achieve uninterrupted switching between different input power sources and provide dual bus power supply for single power loads. The power-off switching time of the device is ≤ 8 ms, which can meet the normal operation of all devices on the news website. The principle of STS dual power static transfer switch is shown in Figure 2.
如图 3 所示，把台内供电系统进行配置和改造后能实现多级电源热切备份。将市电经过稳压电源设备输给 STS 多路电源静态转换开关作为主电源，UPS 不间断电源设备输出给STS电源静态转换开关作为1路备份电源，同时配置发电机作为2路备份电源。一旦市电停电后 UPS 备份电源通过双电源静态转换开关自动切换输出。当市电发生停电故障时UPS第1备份电源自动通过静态转换开关供电，设备发生主电源停电故障时及时进行报警，在静态转换开关的报警装置上通过线路输送到机房值班室，在机房重复设置一个报警装置提醒值班人员，值班人员监看到报警后及时通知技术人员到现场，做好第2备份电源发动机设备准备工作；而当市电停电时间过长时，UPS 第1备份电源不能满足配电系统设备供电时，技术人员通过配置的发动机手动发电，第2备份电源经静态转换开关进行供电，以确保台外电停电72小时内能提供整个台设备的供电需求，广播电视台所有设备正常工作，不会发生数据丢失。As shown in Figure 3, configuring and modifying the power supply system in the station can achieve multi-level power supply hot standby. The mains power is transmitted to the STS multi-channel power static conversion switch as the main power supply through a voltage stabilizing power supply device, and the UPS uninterruptible power supply device outputs to the STS power static conversion switch as one backup power supply. At the same time, a generator is configured as two backup power supplies. Once the mains power is cut off, the UPS backup power supply automatically switches output through a dual power static transfer switch. When there is a power outage in the mains, the first backup power supply of UPS automatically supplies power through the static transfer switch. When the main power supply of the equipment experiences a power outage, an alarm is triggered in a timely manner. The alarm device of the static transfer switch is transmitted to the duty room of the computer room through a line, and a repeated alarm device is set up in the computer room to remind the duty personnel. After the duty personnel observe the alarm, they promptly notify the technical personnel to go to the scene and prepare the second backup power supply engine equipment; When the mains power outage lasts for too long and the first backup power source of UPS cannot meet the power supply of the distribution system equipment, technicians manually generate electricity through the configured engine, and the second backup power source is powered by a static transfer switch to ensure that the power supply needs of the entire equipment can be provided within 72 hours of the power outage outside the station. All equipment of the broadcasting and television station works normally without data loss.
小结 Summary
泾县广播电视中心供配电系统通过更新改造后，对改造后的供配电系统工程进行了全面验收。并在制作、编辑、播出节目停播时间分别对供配电系统进行演练，经过演练，电源供配电系统更新改造工程符合设计要求。通过将主电源人为切断测试，备份电源能在规定时间内转换，机房设备没有出现停电状况，电源报警装置工作正常，机房各项设备运行稳定、可靠。工程改造既克服了经费不足的困难，又保障了广播电视节目的正常播出、发射和传输。供配电系统改造前后相比，改造后的供配电系统符合“不间断、高质量、既经济又安全”的技术维护总方针的要求。
After the renovation of the power supply and distribution system of Jing County Radio and Television Center, a comprehensive acceptance was conducted on the renovated power supply and distribution system project. And during the production, editing, and broadcast program downtime, the power supply and distribution system was rehearsed separately. After the rehearsal, the power supply and distribution system renovation project met the design requirements. By manually cutting off the main power supply for testing, the backup power supply can be converted within the specified time, the equipment in the computer room does not experience power outages, the power alarm device works normally, and all equipment in the computer room operates stably and reliably. The engineering renovation not only overcomes the difficulty of insufficient funding, but also ensures the normal broadcasting, transmission, and delivery of radio and television programs. Compared before and after the renovation of the power supply and distribution system, the renovated system meets the requirements of the overall technical maintenance policy of “uninterrupted, high-quality, economical, and safe”.
OTGOLD 2025年4月8日 星期二 于 深圳